OPENINGS-TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE HOLES IN BONES AND/OR TEETHĪperture: an opening compare a camera lens apertureįoramen (plural: foramina ): a small hole through bone or tooth for passage of nerves and vesselsįoramen ovale : a specific oval or egg-shaped foramenįoramen rotundum: a specific round foramen recall the Capitol’s rotundum or dome is round when viewed from above Sinus: hollow, air-filled cavity or space within skull bones, or a channel for venous blood Tubercle : a small rounded projection on a bone or toothĭEPRESSIONS-TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE CONCAVITIES IN BONES AND/OR TEETHĪlveolus (plural: alveoli ): small hollow space or socket where the tooth root fits within the jaw bonesĬavity: a hollow place within the body of bone (or within a tooth)įissure : a cleft or groove (crack) between partsįossa (plural: fossae ): a small hollow or depressed areaįovea : small pit or depression Ridge: linear, narrow, elevated portion of bone or tooth Process: a projection or outgrowth from a bone Since anatomy terms are often similar to common familiar words, the new terms are compared to familiar words whenever possible.īUMPS-TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE CONVEXITIES ON BONES AND/OR TEETHĮminence: a prominence or elevation of bone Many terms have similar definitions, so they are defined here in groups to facilitate learning. When reading the description of each bone, there are many descriptive terms that are used to describe the bumps, depressions, holes, and relative location of important landmarks. This is important in order to fully appreciate where muscles attach and how they can move the lower jaw (mandible) in all directions and to figure out where to apply local anesthetic along the path of the nerves to the teeth and oral cavity, as described in more detail in Chapter 15. Also, as you study this section, you should relate the location of each bony structure on the skull to its location on your own head, that is, where it is located under the skin of the face or under the mucosa of the mouth. If you touch and trace each bone with your fingers as you read, you are not likely to forget its characteristics. To obtain a clear understanding of the bones of the skull and their relationship to one another and to the teeth, it is best to have a skull or skull model at hand to examine while reading this chapter. There are 206 distinct bones in our skeleton, 28 of which are in the skull if we count the malleus, stapes, and incus bones of each ear. Describe and identify the foramen of the nerves and arteries that supply the teeth and oral cavity.Describe and identify the location of the attachment of chewing muscles and ligaments that are attached to the bones of the skull.(Emphasis is placed on structures of the mandible, maxillae, temporal, and sphenoid bones.) Describe and identify each bony structure highlighted in bold in this chapter. Describe and identify each bone seen on an intact human skull.This section is designed to prepare the learner to perform the following:
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